![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The role of the advisors was to provide strategic advice and military weaponry, as well as to train the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). Eisenhower deployed the Military Assistance Advisory Group (later the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam or MACV). Perpetually concerned about the spread of Communism, the United States increased support of South Vietnam the next month when President Dwight D. ![]() North Vietnam organized under a Communist regime, and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) was established on October 26, 1955. A few months later, Emperor Bao Dai was replaced with U.S.-supported Ngo Dinh Diem. This division was originally intended to be a temporary measure, but it would ultimately last for more than twenty years. Vietnam, however, was divided at the 17th parallel, with Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh controlling the north and French-installed Emperor Bao Dai controlling the south. In the peace agreement, known as the Geneva Accords, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia won independence from France. The French then attempted to regain control of Vietnam, but they were met with strong opposition from the Viet Minh and were eventually forced to withdraw after their defeat at Dien Bien Phu in May 1954. In the intervening years, the Japanese abolished French rule and exerted control over the country until surrendering at the close of WWII. Vietnamese nationalists, including a refugee named Ho Chi Minh, took this opportunity to organize a guerrilla resistance movement, the Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi (League for the Independence of Vietnam) or Viet Minh. During World War II, however, the French government was unable to support its Asian colonies and was forced to allow Japanese troops to occupy the area. This move was met with much resistance from the general population, but the colonial government easily suppressed any rebellion. In the late nineteenth century, France colonized Vietnam as part of French Indochina. ![]()
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